FORMATO CUESTIONARIO PARA TRIPULANTES NUEVOS

Esta guia es parte de una recopilacion, la cual fue realizada por el piloto de la Marina Mercante Española Francisco Javier de Andres Heredia, la cual nos da tips de todo lo que devemos saber a bordo de un buque.

FORMATO CUESTIONARIO PARA TRIPULANTES NUEVOS

PARTE I: FUNCIONES DE SEGURIDAD Y PREVENCION DE RIESGOS EN EL TRABAJO

Cite algunas funciones de seguridad correspondientes a su cargo a bordo:

¿Debe Vd. usar algún EPI en sus trabajos habituales a bordo? SI/NO

Si ha escrito SI escriba a continuación qué EPI'S debe utilizar y cuando

PARTE II : PREVENCION DE INCENDIOS A BORDO

Cite algunos lugares del barco donde esté prohibido fumar para evitar incendios:

Escriba otras cuatro medidas concretas para evitar incendios a bordo:

PARTE III : ACTUACION EN CASO DE INCENDIO

1.- Si usted descubriera o sospechara la existencia de un incendio ¿qué haría en primer lugar?

en segundo lugar?

en tercer lugar?

¿haría siempre lo mismo?

2.- ¿Cómo es la señal de alarma de INCENDIO?

3.- ¿A dónde debe acudir usted si suena la alarma de incendio?

4.- ¿Cuál es su misión allí?

5.- ¿Quién es su Jefe directo en caso de incendio?

6.- ¿Quién o quienes están a sus órdenes en caso de incendio?

7.- Cite algunos lugares donde haya pulsadores de alarma en el barco

8.- ¿Dónde está el más próximo a su lugar de trabajo habitual?

9.- ¿Cuál es el teléfono más próximo a su lugar de trabajo habitual?

10.- ¿Cuál es el número de teléfono del Puente de Mando?

11¿Con qué no apagaría el fuego de un aparato eléctrico?

12.- ¿Qué clase de extintores hay cerca de su lugar de trabajo?

13.- ¿Qué otros equipos para caso de incendio hay en su lugar de trabajo?

14.- ¿Podría explicar en pocas palabras cómo utilizar un E.R.A.?

15.- ¿Cómo se puede cerrar una puerta contraincendios de electroimán?

16.- ¿Cuales son las salidas de emergencia de los lugares donde usted trabaja habitualmente?

17.- ¿Dónde puede encontrar mantas para quemados?

PARTE IV: ACTUACION EN CASOS DE EMERGENCIA

1.- ¿Cómo es la señal de alarma de EMERGENCIA?

2.- ¿Donde debe acudir usted en caso de EMERGENCIA?

3.- ¿Cuál es su misión allí?

4.- ¿Quién es su Jefe directo en caso de EMERGENCIA?

5.- ¿Quién o quienes están a sus órdenes en caso de EMERGENCIA?

6.- ¿Cómo se abre una puerta estanca de corredera?

7.- ¿Usaría usted el ascensor en caso de incendio o emergencia?

8.- ¿Cuántos pasajeros tiene usted que desalojar en caso de CONDUCCION A LOS LUGARES DE REUNION?

9.- ¿De qué Zona debe desalojar a los pasajeros?

10.- ¿A qué lugar de reunión debe conducirlos?

11.- ¿Qué instrucciones debe dar a los pasajeros?

12.- ¿Dónde hay chalecos salvavidas para niños?

13.- ¿A qué lugar de embarque debe conducir o acompañar a los pasajeros en caso de ABANDONO?

14.- ¿En qué embarcación de supervivencia debe Vd. abandonar el buque?

15.- ¿Dónde está esta embarcación?

16.- ¿Quién es el Jefe de esta embarcación?

17.- ¿Cuál es su misión en la embarcación?

PARTE V: DOCUMENTACION DEL S.G.S.

18.- ¿Qué documentación describe el S.G.S. de la Compañía?

19.- ¿Quién tiene a bordo estos Manuales del S.G.S.?

20.- ¿A quién puede pedirle información sobre estos Manuales?

DRAFT SURVEY

DRAFT SURVEY

SURVEY PROCEDURE

This Survey Procedure is International Standard for any type of ship. The ship is first surveyed light, to calculate the constant. It is then re-surveyed after loading to determine the weight of cargo.

LINK DE DESCARGA: DRAFT SURVEY

SEAMANSHIP TECHNIQUES - SHIPBOARD AND MARINE OPERATIONS

This book provides a comprehensive cover to the needs of marine students and serving seafarers. It is ideal for Merchant Navy Officers from Cadet rank to Master Mariner and incorporates
all recent amendments to collision regulations.

Contents

1. THE SHIP

Introduction
Terms and definitions
Terms and definitions concerning stability
Varieties of ship
Plate and construction terms
Main structural members – compensating stress factors affecting the vessel
Stresses in ship structures
Loadlines

2. ANCHOR WORK (FUNDAMENTALS)

Introduction
Anchors
Tests on anchors
Marks on anchors
Anchor certificate
Chain cable tests
Notes on cable
Kenter lugless joining shackle
‘D’ lugged joining shackle
Securing and stowage of anchors
Securing anchor and cable
Steam windlass operation
Preparing anchor for ‘letting go’
Disc brake systems for anchor handling windlass
Cable holders
Procedure for coming to anchor
Clearing away anchors
Chain cable/stud-link general information
Anchor terminology
Watch at anchor
Anchoring facility for high speed craft
Mooring anchors
The ‘flipper delta’ anchor

3. ROPEWORK

Introduction
Natural fibre ropes
Lay of rope
Small stuff
Synthetic fibre ropes
Bends and hitches
Working aloft and overside
Seizings
Ropework and cordage tools
Worming, parcelling and serving
Cordage splice
Whippings
Marrying two ropes together
To pass a stopper
Breaking out mooring rope

4. WIREWORK AND RIGGING

Introduction
Steel wire rope
Steel wire rope rigging
Rigging fitments
Wire splicing
Stowage of wire hawsers
Safe handling procedures for wire rope
Mousing a hook or shackle pin
Blocks – care and maintenance
Blocks and tackles

5. LIFTING GEAR

Introduction
Derricks
Union purchase
Safe handling practice for derricks
Doubling-up procedure
Yo-Yo rig
Hallen universal derrick
Velle shipshape crane
Heavy lift procedures
Cranes
Cranes and derricks – advantages and disadvantages
Derrick tests and surveys
Calculating stresses in derricks by empirical formula

6. CARGO AND HATCHWORK

Introduction
Conventional hatch
Conventional hold
Steel hatch cover
General cargo terminology
Duties of the junior cargo officer
Cargo duties of the chief officer
Hold preparation
Stowage methods
Cargo handling
Ventilation
Refrigerated cargoes
Carriage of goods in deep tanks
Dangerous/hazardous cargoes
Cargo plans
Roll on–roll off system
List of relevant container definitions and terms
Loading containers
Container tonnage
Loadicators and loading plan computers
Tankers

7. BOATWORK AND LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES

Introduction
Selected terminology and definitions
Parts of the lifeboat
Types of wood construction
Boat fitments
Totally enclosed survival craft
Partially enclosed boats
Free fall lifeboats
Life saving appliances
Boat rigging
Launching procedure
Taking boat away from ship’s side
Boat recovery in heavy weather
Beaching a lifeboat
Boat handling and safe procedures
Sail theory
Sail terminology

8. SURVIVAL CRAFT AND PRACTICE

Introduction
Survival systems international
The inflatable life raft
Launching inflatable life raft
Boarding raft
Rigid life rafts
The davit launched life raft
Additional fitments to raft
Abandoning ship
Marine evacuation system (MES)
Evacuation-slide launching and embarkation
MES variations
Inspection and maintenance of MES
Marine evacuation chute (MEC) system
Righting capsized life raft
Beaching a life raft
Ropax vessels in coastal waters
Emergency equipment lockers for Ro-Ro passenger ships

9. COMMUNICATIONS

Introduction
Terminology and definitions for communications
Methods employed in the marine industry
Flag signalling terms
Single letter meanings – International code of signals
Signalling by international code flags
Important two-letter signals
Sample messages employing international code of signals
Flag maintenance
Wearing of ensigns
Morse code procedure – signalling by flashlight
Morse code regular procedural signals
Morse code signalling by hand flags or arms

10. WATCHKEEPING DUTIES

Introduction
Master’s responsibilities
The integrated bridge
Functions of the integrated bridge
Safety and redundancy
Watchkeeping – general duties
Duties of the officer of the watch (OOW)
Duties of the lookout
Duties of the helmsman
Duties of the standby man
Official publications
Security
Rigging pilot ladders
Mechanical pilot hoists
Ship to shore transit

11. MARINE INSTRUMENTS MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT

Introduction
Sextant
Marine chronometer
Speed and depth
The gyro compass
Changes in the ships compass systems
Modern gyro arrangements
Magnetic compass
Liquid magnetic compass
Dry card magnetic compass
Azimuth mirror
Pelorus
Automatic identification system (AIS)
Transponder information
AIS unit components
Voyage data recorders (VDR)
Hydrometer
Hygrometer
Precision aneroid barometer

12. METEOROLOGY

Introduction
Meteorological terms
Forecast areas
Weather scales
Construction and interpretation of synoptic chart
Heavy weather precautions (general cargo vessels) open water conditions
Effects of heavy weather on vessel at sea
General behaviour of vessels in heavy weather
Tropical revolving storm
Ice terminology
Ice navigation
Single-letter signals between ice-breaker and assisted vessels

13. PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA

Introduction
International regulations
Author’s comments
Judging another vessel’s heading at night
Special cases to rule of the road
Collision avoidance – HSC
High speed craft - features
High speed craft - watchkeeping practice
IALA maritime buoyage systems ‘A’ and ‘B’

14. EMERGENCIES

Introduction
Emergency contingency planning
Collision
Flooding
Damage control
Abandonment from the vessel
Rescue and recovery of survivors
Stranding/grounding
Beaching procedure
Grounding/beaching – summary
Deck department checklist for watertight integrity of hull following grounding or beaching
Engine room department checklist for machinery spaces following grounding or beaching
Watertight doors
Dry docks and docking procedures
Types of docking
Hydrolift docking systems
Inward and outward procedures for hydrolift docking systems
Man overboard
Helicopter procedure
Subsunk, procedure

15. FIRE-FIGHTING

Introduction
Equipment for on board fire fighting
Additional requirements for passenger vessels
Roll on-roll off vessels
Tanker vessels (class 7T)
Small fires
Accommodation fires at sea
Galley fires at sea
Machinery space fires at sea
Cargo space fires at sea and in port
Paint room fires
Fixed fire-fighting installations
International shore connection
Self-contained breathing apparatus
Contents of fireman’s outfits
Example: Cargo fire
Roll on-roll off vessels fire-fighting difficulties

16. SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS

Introduction
Action by vessel in distress
Master’s obligations
Obligations of rescuing craft
When assistance is no longer required
Searching the sea
Aircraft in distress
Communication between surface craft and aircraft
Surface to surface rescue
Pyrotechnics
Breeches buoy
Communications
The work of HM coastguard (HMCG)
AMVER organisation
Passenger vessels – decision support system
Abbreviations for use in SAR operations

17. SHIP-HANDLING – EQUIPMENT

Introduction
Terms and general definitions
Factors in ship-handling
HSC Categories
High speed craft (HSC)
Rudders
Propellers
Machinery ‘Pod Technology’
Turning circles
Steering gear operations
Steering applications
Steering test applications
Auxiliary/emergency steering
Bow/stern thruster units
Steerable 360° thrusters
Waterjet propulsion
Fin stabilisers
Manoeuvring with mooring lines
Fairleads
Bollards (bitts)

18. SHIP-HANDLING – MANOEUVRING AND MOORING OPERATIONS

Introduction
Berthing
Clearing a berth
Entering dock
Securing to buoys
Mooring
Letting go from buoys
Rigging slip wires
Mooring operations and deployment of anchors
Deep water anchoring
Laying/carrying out anchors
Clearing a foul hawse
To weigh anchor by deck tackle
Anchor recovery – loss of windlass power
Hanging off an anchor
Lost anchor and re-securing of spare anchor
Turning vessel short round
Open moor
Mediterranean moor – modern vessel: equipped with twin CPP, and bow thrust
Interaction
Shallow water effects and squat
High speed craft and safe speed
Working with tugs
Composite towline Turning vessel short round
Open moor
Mediterranean moor – modern vessel: equipped with twin CPP, and bow thrust
Interaction
Shallow water effects and squat
High speed craft and safe speed
Working with tugs
Composite towline


19. TANKER OPERATIONS

Introduction
Tanker vessels
Tanker hazards and precautions
Dangers of petroleum spirit
General definitions
Cargo-handling equipment
Whessoe tank gauge
General operations and procedures
Tanker layout and ventilation
Gas freeing (tanker vessels)
Health and safety
Inert gas system
Mooring large tankers
Oil pollution
Management of ship’s waste/garbage

20. THE APPLICATION OF MARPOL AND THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION

Introduction
Abbreviations and Acronyms within MARPOL
Definitions for use
Application of MARPOL
Authors note
Contracting governments to the convention as of 1st March 1998
Appendix I: Mariner’s self examiner
Appendix II: Officer of the watch – certificate of competency
Appendix III: Chief officer (1st mate) – certificate of competency
Appendix IV: Ship’s master – certificate of competency
Appendix V: Rule of the road

LINK DE DESCARGA: SEAMANSHIP TECHNIQUES

Medidor térmico de caudal

Este aparato, que también recibe el nombre de medidor Thomas, consta de una fuente de alimentación eléctrica que proporciona calor constante al punto medio de un tubo por el cual circula un fluido. En los puntos equidistantes de la fuente de calor se encuentran sondas de resistencia para medir la temperatura del fluido.

Los medidores térmicos de caudal se basan comúnmente en dos principios físicos:


• La elevación de temperatura del fluido en su paso por un cuerpo caliente

• La pérdida de calor experimentada por un cuerpo caliente inmerso en el fluido.

Cuando el fluido está en reposo, la temperatura es la misma en las dos sondas. Cuando el fluido circula por el tubo, transporta una cantidad de calor hacia la segunda resistencia T2, y se produce una diferencia de temperaturas entre los dos elementos que va aumentando a medida que aumenta el caudal. La diferencia de temperaturas es proporcional a la masa del fluido que circula por el tubo de acuerdo a la ecuación:

Q =m ce (t2-t1)

donde:

Q = calor cedido por la fuente en calorías (cal)

Instrumentación y Comunicaciones Industriales

m = masa del fluido en g

ce = calor específico del fluido en cal/g ºC

t1 = temperatura en sonda T1 en ºC

t2 = temperatura de la sonda T2

de esta última ecuación de puede despejar la masa :

Astronomia y Navegacion (Para mi amiga yula)

Link de descarga: Astronomía y Navegación

Amiga yula lo que estas buscando para tu examen de Navegación Electrónica es "Cinemática Naval" y esta de la pagina 146 a la 165

Parte de la información que que contiene este libro. consta de 265 paginas.

1.1. Esfera celeste: Líneas principales que en la misma se consideran
1.2. Coordenadas celestes de los astros
1.2.1. Coordenadas horizontales: altura y azimut
1.2.2. Coordenadas horarias
1.2.3. Movimiento propio de algunos astros
1.2.4. Coordenadas uranográficas ecuatoriales
1.2.5. Relación entre las distintas coordenadas que se miden en el ecuador
1.2.6. Órbita que describe la Tierra alrededor del Sol
1.3. Triángulo de posición: sus elementos
1.4. Movimiento aparente de los astros: generalidades
1.5. La Luna: fases de la luna
1.6. Las estrellas: magnitud estelar
1.6.1. Constelaciones
1.6.2. Enfilaciones para encontrar las estrellas principales
1.6.3. Catálogos y planisferios
1.7. Tiempo universal
1.7.1. Husos horarios
1.7.2. Hora legal, hora oficial
1.7.3. Fecha del meridiano de 180°
1.8. Almanaque náutico: descripción
1.8.1. Cálculo de la hora de paso del Sol por el meridiano del lugar
1.8.2. Cálculo de las horas de salida y puesta del Sol con el almanaque
1.9. Sextante
1.9.1. Corrección de las alturas observadas
1.9.2. Cálculo de las coordenadas en el triángulo de posición
1.10. Reconocimiento de astros
1.10.1. Conocidos la situación de estima del observador, la hora de TU de la observación, la altura y el azimut del astro desconocido, hallar su horario, su declinación y reconocerlo
1.10.2. Caso particular del astro en el meridiano superior o inferior o en sus proximidades
1.11. Proyecciones
1.12. Recta de altura: sus determinantes
1.13. Situación por rectas de altura
1.14. Derrota loxodrómica
1.15. Derrota ortodrómica
1.16. Cinemática: generalidades
1.16.1. Movimiento absoluto y relativo
1.16.2. Alcances
1.16.3. Cinemática radar
1.17. Magnetismo terrestre
1.18. Desvío de la aguja magnética
1.19. Agujas giroscópicas
1.20. El radar
1.21. Navegación con posicionador
1.22. Publicaciones náuticas
1.23. Cálculos de Navegación
1.24. Lámina de señalización marítima

Information about: IMO, SOLAS, MARPOL AND STCW

IMO

When the establishment of a specialized agency of the United Nations dealing with maritime affairs was first proposed, the main concern was to improve safety at sea.

Because of the international nature of the shipping industry, it had long been recognized that action to improve safety in maritime operations would be more effective if carried out at an international level rather than by individual countries acting unilaterally and without co-ordination with others. Although a number of important international agreements had already been adopted, many States believed that there was a need for a permanent body which would be able to co-ordinate and promote further measures on a more regular basis.

It was against this background that a conference held by the United Nations in 1948 adopted a convention establishing the International Maritime Organization (IMO) as the first ever international body devoted exclusively to maritime matters.

In the 10-year period between the adoption of the convention and its entry into force in 1958, other problems related to safety but requiring slightly different emphases had attracted international attention. One of the most important of these was the threat of marine pollution from ships, particularly pollution by oil carried in tankers. An international convention on this subject was actually adopted in 1954, four years before IMO came into existence, and responsibility for administering and promoting it was assumed by IMO in January 1959. From the very beginning, the improvement of maritime safety and the prevention of marine pollution have been IMO's most important objectives.

The Organization is based at 4 Albert Embankment, London, and is the only United Nations specialized agency to have its headquarters in the United Kingdom. Its governing body is the Assembly, which meets once every two years. It currently consists of 166 Member States and two Associate Members. Between sessions of the Assembly a Council, consisting of 40 Member Governments elected by the Assembly, acts as IMO's governing body.

IMO is a technical organization and most of its work is carried out in a number of committees and sub-committees. The Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) is the most senior of these.

The Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) was established by the Assembly in November 1973. It is responsible for co-ordinating the Organization's activities in the prevention and control of pollution of the marine environment from ships.

There are a number of sub-committees whose titles indicate the subjects they deal with: Safety of Navigation (NAV); Radiocommunications and Search and Rescue (COMSAR); Training and Watchkeeping (STW); Carriage of Dangerous Goods, Solid Cargoes and Containers (DSC); Ship Design and Equipment (DE); Fire Protection (FP); Stability and Load Lines and Fishing Vessel Safety (SLF); Flag State Implementation (FSI); and Bulk Liquids and Gases (BLG).

The Legal Committee was originally established to deal with the legal problems arising from the Torrey Canyon accident of 1967, but it was subsequently made a permanent committee. It is responsible for considering any legal matters within the scope of the Organization.

The Technical Co-operation Committee is responsible for co-ordinating the work of the Organization in the provision of technical assistance in the maritime field, in particular to developing countries.

The Facilitation Committee is responsible for IMO's activities and functions relating to the facilitation of international maritime traffic. These are aimed at reducing the formalities and simplifying the documentation required of ships when entering or leaving ports or other terminals.

All the committees of IMO are open to participation by all Member Governments on an equal basis.

The IMO Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-General, who is assisted by a staff of some 300 international civil servants. The Secretary-General is appointed by the Council, with the approval of the Assembly.

COMPLETE INFORMATION IN: http://www.imo.org/About/mainframe.asp?topic_id=325#WHATITIS

SOLAS

The SOLAS Convention in its successive forms is generally regarded as the most important of all international treaties concerning the safety of merchant ships. The first version was adopted in 1914, in response to the Titanic disaster, the second in 1929, the third in 1948, and the fourth in 1960.

The 1960 Convention - which was adopted on 17 June 1960 and entered into force on 26 May 1965 - was the first major task for IMO after the Organization's creation and it represented a considerable step forward in modernizing regulations and in keeping pace with technical developments in the shipping industry.

The intention was to keep the Convention up to date by periodic amendments but in practice the amendments procedure proved to be very slow. It became clear that it would be impossible to secure the entry into force of amendments within a reasonable period of time.

As a result, a completely new Convention was adopted in 1974 which included not only the amendments agreed up until that date but a new amendment procedure - the tacit acceptance procedure - designed to ensure that changes could be made within a specified (and acceptably short) period of time.

Instead of requiring that an amendment shall enter into force after being accepted by, for example, two thirds of the Parties, the tacit acceptance procedure provides that an amendment shall enter into force on a specified date unless, before that date, objections to the amendment are received from an agreed number of Parties.

As a result the 1974 Convention has been updated and amended on numerous occasions. The Convention in force today is sometimes referred to as SOLAS, 1974, as amended.

COMPLETE INFORMATION IN: http://www.imo.org/Conventions/contents.asp?topic_id=257&doc_id=647

MARPOL

The MARPOL Convention is the main international convention covering prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships from operational or accidental causes. It is a combination of two treaties adopted in 1973 and 1978 respectively and updated by amendments through the years.

The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) was adopted on 2 November 1973 at IMO and covered pollution by oil, chemicals, harmful substances in packaged form, sewage and garbage. The Protocol of 1978 relating to the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1978 MARPOL Protocol) was adopted at a Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention in February 1978 held in response to a spate of tanker accidents in 1976-1977. (Measures relating to tanker design and operation were also incorporated into a Protocol of 1978 relating to the 1974 Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974).

As the 1973 MARPOL Convention had not yet entered into force, the 1978 MARPOL Protocol absorbed the parent Convention. The combined instrument is referred to as the International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78), and it entered into force on 2 October 1983 (Annexes I and II).

The Convention includes regulations aimed at preventing and minimizing pollution from ships - both accidental pollution and that from routine operations - and currently includes six technical Annexes:

Annex I	Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil
Annex II	Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk
Annex III	Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form
Annex IV	Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships
Annex V	Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships
Annex VI	Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships (entry into force 19 May 2005)

COMPLETE INFORMATION IN: http://www.imo.org/Conventions/contents.asp?doc_id=678&topic_id=258

STCW

The 1978 STCW Convention was the first to establish basic requirements on training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers on an international level. Previously the standards of training, certification and watchkeeping of officers and ratings were established by individual governments, usually without reference to practices in other countries. As a result standards and procedures varied widely, even though shipping is the most international of all industries.

The Convention prescribes minimum standards relating to training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers which countries are obliged to meet or exceed.

The Convention did not deal with manning levels: IMO provisions in this area are covered by a regulation in Chapter V of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974, whose requirements are backed up by resolution A.890(21) Principles of safe manning, adopted by the IMO Assembly in 1999, as amended by Resolution A.955(23) Amendments to the Principles of Safe Manning (Resolution A.890(21)).

The Articles of the Convention include requirements relating to issues surrounding certification and port State control.

One especially important feature of the Convention is that it applies to ships of non-party States when visiting ports of States which are Parties to the Convention. Article X requires Parties to apply the control measures to ships of all flags to the extent necessary to ensure that no more favourable treatment is given to ships entitled to fly the flag of a State which is not a Party than is given to ships entitled to fly the flag of a State that is a Party.

The difficulties which could arise for ships of States which are not Parties to the Convention is one reason why the Convention has received such wide acceptance. By December 2000, the STCW Convention had 135 Parties, representing 97.53 percent of world shipping tonnage.

COMPLETE INFORMATION IN: http://www.imo.org/Conventions/contents.asp?doc_id=651&topic_id=257